πας
all / every
Core drill · 200×
0 / 200 correct repetitions
- Masculine → Feminine → Neuter
- Each Nom. sg. → Gen. sg. → Dat. sg. → Acc. sg. → Nom. pl. → Gen. pl. → Dat. pl. → Acc. pl.
0 / 24 forms · 1 line
Adjectives of the Third Declension
Historical Grammar
297. ἡδύς sweet is thus declined:
| singular | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masc. | Fem. | Neut. | |||
| Nom. | ἡδύ-ς | ἡδεῖα | ἡδύ | ||
| Gen. | ἡδέ-ος | ἡδείᾱς | ἡδέ-ος | ||
| Dat. | (ἡδέϊ) | ἡδεῖ | ἡδείᾳ | (ἡδέϊ) | ἡδεῖ |
| Acc. | ἡδύ-ν | ἡδεῖα-ν | ἡδύ | ||
| Voc. | ἡδύ | ἡδεῖα | ἡδύ | ||
| dual | |||||
| N. A. V. | ἡδέ-ε | ἡδείᾱ | ἡδέ-ε | ||
| G. D. | ἡδέ-οιν | ἡδεί-αιν | ἡδέ-οιν | ||
| plural | |||||
| N. V. | (ἡδέες) | ἡδεῖς | ἡδεῖαι | ἡδέ-α | |
| Gen. | ἡδέ-ων | ἡδειῶν | ἡδέ-ων | ||
| Dat. | ἡδέ-σι(ν) | ἡδείαις | ἡδέ-σι(ν) | ||
| Acc. | ἡδεῖς | ἡδείᾱς | ἡδέ-α | ||
So βαθύς deep, γλυκύς sweet, εὐρύς broad, ὀξύς sharp, ταχύς swift.
a. In ἡδεῖα -ι ̯α has been added to ἡδεϜ- = ἡδει ̯-, a stronger form of the stem ἡδυ- (cp. 270). The nominative masculine ἡδεῖς is used for the accusative.
b. The adjectives of this declension are oxytone, except ἥμισυς half, θῆλυς female, and some compounds, as δίπηχυς of two cubits.
298. Stems in ν (-ᾱς, -αινα, -αν; -ην, -εινα, -εν). μέλᾱς black, τέρην tender are declined as follows:
| singular | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | μέλᾱς | μέλαινα | μέλαν | τέρην | τέρεινα | τέρεν |
| Gen. | μέλαν-ος | μελαίνης | μέλαν-ος | τέρεν-ος | τερείνης | τέρεν-ος |
| Dat. | μέλαν-ι | μελαίνῃ | μέλαν-ι | τέρεν-ι | τερείνῃ | τέρεν-ι |
| Acc. | μέλαν-α | μέλαινα-ν | μέλαν | τέρεν-α | τέρεινα-ν | τέρεν |
| Voc. | μέλαν | μέλαινα | μέλαν | τέρεν | τέρεινα | τέρεν |
| dual | ||||||
| N. A. V. | μέλαν-ε | μελαίνᾱ | μέλαν-ε | τέρεν-ε | τερείνᾱ | τέρεν-ε |
| G. D. | μελάν-οιν | μελαίναιν | μελάν-οιν | τερέν-οιν | τερείναιν | τερέν-οιν |
| plural | ||||||
| N. V. | μέλαν-ες | μέλαιναι | μέλαν-α | τέρεν-ες | τέρειναι | τέρεν-α |
| Gen. | μελάν-ων | μελαινῶν | μελάν-ων | τερέν-ων | τερεινῶν | τερέν-ων |
| Dat. | μέλασι(ν) | μελαίναις | μέλασι(ν) | τέρεσι(ν) | τερείναις | τέρεσι(ν) |
| Acc. | μέλαν-ας | μελαίνᾱς | μέλαν-α | τέρεν-ας | τερείνᾱς | τέρεν-α |
Like μέλᾱς is declined one adjective: τάλᾱς, τάλαινα, τάλαν wretched.
a. μέλᾱς is for μελαν-ς by 37, 96. With the exception of μέλᾱς and τάλᾱς, adjective stems in ν reject ς in the nom. sing. μέλασι for μελαν-σι 96 a, 250 N. The feminine forms μέλαινα and τέρεινα come from μελαν-ι ̯α, τερεν-ι ̯α by 111. The vocatives μέλαν and τέρεν are rare, the nominative being used instead.
299. Stems in ντ occur in a few adjectives and in many participles (301). χαρίεις graceful and πᾶς all are declined thus:
| singular | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | χαρίεις | χαρίεσσα | χαρίεν | πᾶς | πᾶσα | πᾶν |
| Gen. | χαρίεντ-ος | χαριέσσης | χαρίεντ-ος | παντ-ός | πά̄σης | παντ-ός |
| Dat. | χαρίεντ-ι | χαριέσσῃ | χαρίεντ-ι | παντ-ί | πά̄σῃ | παντ-ί |
| Acc. | χαρίεντ-α | χαρίεσσα-ν | χαρίεν | πάντ-α | πᾶσα-ν | πᾶν |
| Voc. | χαρίεν | χαρίεσσα | χαρίεν | πᾶς | πᾶσα | πᾶν |
| dual | ||||||
| N. A. V. | χαρίεντ-ε | χαριέσσᾱ | χαρίεντ-ε | |||
| G. D. | χαριέντ-οιν | χαριέσσαιν | χαριέντ-οιν | |||
| plural | ||||||
| N. V. | χαρίεντ-ες | χαρίεσσαι | χαρίεντ-α | πάντ-ες | πᾶσαι | πάντ-α |
| Gen. | χαριέντ-ων | χαριεσσῶν | χαριέντ-ων | πάντ-ων | πᾱσῶν | πάντ-ων |
| Dat. | χαρίεσι(ν) | χαριέσσαις | χαρίεσι(ν) | πᾶσι(ν) | πά̄σαις | πᾶσι(ν) |
| Acc. | χαρίεντ-ας | χαριέσσᾱς | χαρίεντ-α | πάντ-ας | πά̄σᾱς | πάντ-α |
Like χαρίεις are inflected πτερόεις winged, φωνήεις voiced, δακρυόεις tearful. Adjectives in -όεις and -ήεις are generally poetical or Ionic. φωνήεντα meaning vowels is always open.
a. χαρίεις, πᾶς are derived from χαριεντ-ς, παντ-ς by 100; χαρίεν from χαριεντ- by 133. The ᾱ of πᾶν (for πᾰν(τ)-) is irregular and borrowed from πᾶς. Compounds have ᾰ: ἅπαν, σύμπαν.
b. From χαριετ- is derived χαρίεσσα with σσ, not ττ, by 114 a. χαριετ- is a weak form of the stem χαριεντ-; it appears also in χαρίεσι for χαριετ-σι (98). Participles in -εις (307) form the feminine from the strong stem -εντ + ι ̯α. πᾶσα stands for παντσα out of παντ-ι ̯α (113 a). πάντων, πᾶσι are accented contrary to 252; but παντός, παντί, πᾱσῶν are regular.
c. Adjectives in -όεις contract, as μελιτοῦς, μελιτοῦττα, μελιτοῦν, G. μελιτοῦντος, μελιτούττης, etc. (μελιτόεις honied). πτερόεις has πτεροῦντα, πτεροῦσσα. So in names of places: Ἀργεννοῦσσαι Argennusae for -όεσσαι; Ῥαμνοῦς, -οῦντος, for Ῥαμνόεις, -όεντος.
Syntax & Usage
1023. Neuter, when the substantive idea is thing in general: τὸ ἀγαθόν the (highest) good P. R. 506 b (but τὰ ἀγαθά good things L. 12. 33), τὸ ἀληθές truth P. G. 473 b, τὸ κοινόν the commonwealth Ant. 3. β. 3, τὸ ἐσόμενον the future Aes. 3. 165, τὸ λεγόμενον as the saying is T. 7. 68, ἀμφὶ μέσον ἡμέρᾱς about mid-day X. A. 4. 4. 1, ἐπὶ πολύ over a wide space T. 1. 18.
1024. In words denoting a collection (996) of persons or facts: τὸ ὑπήκοον the subjects T. 6. 69, τὸ βαρβαρικόν the barbarian force X. A. 1. 2. 1, τὸ ξυμαχικόν the allied forces T. 4. 77 (and many words in -ικόν), τὰ Ἑλληνικά Greek history T. 1. 97; and in words denoting festivals (τὰ Ὀλύμπια the Olympian games X. H. 7. 4. 28).
1025. With participles, especially in Thucydides: τὸ ὀργιζόμενον τῆς ὀργῆς their angry feelings T. 2. 59, τῆς πόλεως τὸ τιμώμενον the dignity of the State 2. 63. The action of the verb is here represented as taking place under particular circumstances or at a particular time. These participles are not dead abstractions, but abstract qualities in action.
Loquentes Practice Reference
Our drill practices πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν, which Smyth declines in § 299 above alongside χαρίεις.
Source note: this lesson is scoped to §§ 297–299 because that is where the CCEL snapshot stops for third-declension adjectives: smyth_2i_uni.htm ends at § 299 and there is no smyth_2j_uni.htm, so §§ 300–310 are absent. The declension of the participles λύων, λύσᾱς (Smyth §§ 305 ff.) therefore cannot be sourced here and is not shown.