Demonstrative — THIS (ðes, ðeos, ðis)
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- ðes (masculine) — Demonstrative THIS Masculine · 4 forms – / 200
- ðeos (feminine) — Demonstrative THIS Feminine · 4 forms – / 200
- ðis (neuter) — Demonstrative THIS Neuter · 4 forms – / 200
- ðas (plural) — Demonstrative THIS Plural (All Genders) · 4 forms – / 200
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Demonstrative THIS (ðēs, ðēos, ðis)
Historical Grammar
Demonstrative Pronouns.
Paradigm of ðēs, ðēos, ðis, this. For the Definite Article as a demonstrative, meaning that, see § 28, Note 3.
(3) The Interrogative Pronoun.
74. Paradigm of hwā, hwæt, who, what?
| Case | Masculine. | Feminine. | Neuter. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sing. | |||
| N. | ðēs | ðēos | ðis |
| G. | ðisses | ðisse | ðisses |
| D. | ðissum | ðisse | ðissum |
| A. | ðisne | ðās | ðis |
| I. | ðȳs | — | ðȳs |
| All Genders. | |||
| Plur. | |||
| N.A. | ðās | ||
| G. | ðissa | ||
| D. | ðissum | ||
Syntax & Usage — Wülfing
Loquentes translation from Wülfing. Wülfing wrote in German; the English below is a Loquentes translation. The Old English examples are Wülfing’s own and are reproduced exactly as printed. The cleaned German original follows in the collapsible block.
II. ðes, ðeos, ðis.
261. 1. As a noun almost only the neuter ðis occurs, especially when it points to the content of a preceding, more rarely of a following, sentence, or to a following predicate noun.
Note 1. Sometimes þis points, without regard to number and gender, to one or more nouns (compare, on þæt, §§ 257. 2. b and 258. 1.), as at Or. 100, 13, where þiss resumes a list of four peoples, and at Cp. 453, 8, Bo. 8, 24, Lc. 58, 11 and 64, 49.
Note 2. Rarely the masculine and feminine forms of this pronoun appear as a noun. At Be. 481, 41 Wülfing notes that the Latin hanc must be a misprint; at Be. 550, 22 he records Miller's reading þes against the manuscript's ðæs; at So. 163, 21 he reads þissum against Wülker's and Hulme's æt.
Examples
for ðinre ðeode ic ðis awrat
hwæþer ðis soþ sy
ða wæs se dema æfter ðyssum . . . gedrefed
wiþ ðyssum stod . . . se earga feða Brytta
ðis gemænelice him to ræde gecuron
ðam men ðurh ða ðryæ ðis biþ gegearwod þæt he ne sy seald
ðis mot swa beon
ða se cyning ðis gehyrde
ða ic ða ðas & monige oþre sprecende wæs
nænige ðinga ic ðas bliþe aberan mæg
þa þis gedon wæs
on þæm ilcan geare þe þiss wæs, Procos . . . ongon ricsian in Italia
þis ic sprece nu for ðæm
he þa Romulus æfter þiosan underfeng Cirinensa gewinn
mare ic þyses gemyndgade þonne ic his mid ealle asæde
æfter þeosan on þæm ilcan geare tohlad seo eorþe
ðis is seo forcspræc
hu ne is ðis nu sio micle Babilon
ðeah ic nu ðis recce
ðis wæs ryht dom
hwæt is nu ma ymbe ðis to sprecanne
& swæðeah betweox ðissum simle is to ondrædonne
be ðiosum git is swiðe ryhtlice gecweden
nu ðonne oð ðis we reahton
ic wene ðæt we magon ðis openlicor gecyðan
is þis nu se cwide þe þu me geo sædest
be þisan & be manegum þyllecum mæg beon eallum monnum cuþ þætte . . .
wel me licode þæt þu ær sædest, & þises me lyst nu get bet
þæt þis is swiþe riht racu
ac ic wat þeah þæt þys folce swa ne þincþ
gelimpfulran . . þonne he ær (so lesen statt æt Wülker, (Beitr. IV, 110) und Hulme (E. St. XVIII.)) þissum wes
þis is eall soð
þæt ic lufede þæt & forsawe ðis
nis nan God þe þis wite oððe wræce
wilnað him . . . reste æfter þisum
gif he siððan æfter sunnan upgonge þis deð
þis is þonne þæt ærendgewrit þe þa Apostolas sendon
gif æðelborenran wifmen þis gelimpe
gif hloð þis gedo
þis is þæt frið, þæt . . . .
Athena . . ., Thebane . . ., Boeti . . ., Macedaniæ — þiss wæron ealle Creca leode
ðis sint nu ða lara ðe . . . .
hwæt la hwæt sint þis nu þa god & þæt edlean þe ðu . . . . .
þis synt þa domas þe þu . . .
þis sindon þa domas þe . . . .
Aetius . . . . wæs . . Consul & cyning on Rome
to ðysum ða ðearfendan lafe Brytta sendon ærendgewrit
læde mon hider to us sumne untrumne mon, & ðurh swa hwylces bene swa he gehæled si, ðysses geleafa & wyrcnes si gelyfed Gode andfenge & eallum to fyligeanne
Honorius . . . gehalgode Thoman . . to bisceope, se wæs of Gyrwa mægþe, & ðæs (Miller: þes) wæs . . . . . of ðissum leohte alæded
þridda wæs Ceadda, feorþa Winfred
ealle ðas wæron . . . bisceophada brucende
(lareowas . . .)
betwih ðas wæron twegen geonge æþelingas
(sum munuc . . . .)
ðes gelomlice wæs ingangende to ðam ylcan were
Rufinus wolde habban him self þone anwold þær east, & Stileca wolde sellan his suna þisne her west
(oðer . . . oðer . . .;) ac we sculon swiðe smealice ðissa ægðer underðencean
(olicung . . . wiðermodnes . . .;) gif ðonne mid nanum ðissa ne bið onwæced his ingeðonc
gong inn, & geseoh þa heardsælda & ða sconde þe ðas her doð
(gifta & wæpnu & mete & ealo & claþas . . . .) ne mæg he butan þisum þas tol gehealdan
(Cassius . . . Cato . . .;) hu ne wæran þas gefyrn forþgewitene
Drihten, min God, gif ic to þisum, þe me nu swencað, þæs geearnod hæbbe, þæt hi nu doð
(66, 8 hwær anne dom, hwær oðerne;) ic þa Ælfred cyning þas togædere gegaderode & awritan het
ic þa . . . eallum minum witum þas geeowde
(his að & his wed . . . .;) gif hwa to hwæðrum þissa genied sie on woh
Original German — Wülfing
II. ðes, ðeos, ðis.
261. 1. Als Hauptwort kommt fast nur das Neutrum ðis vor, namentlich wenn es auf den Inhalt eines voraufgehenden, seltener eines folgenden Satzes, oder auf ein folgendes Prädikatsnomen hinweist: Be. 471, 18 for ðinre ðeode ic ðis awrat; 20 hwæþer ðis soþ sy; 478, 43 ða wæs se dema æfter ðyssum . . . gedrefed; ebenso 482, 21; 483, 35; 481, 19 wiþ ðyssum stod . . . se earga feða Brytta (= ad hæc; Miller: to oppose this); 485, 34 ðis gemænelice him to ræde gecuron; 490, 14 ðam men ðurh ða ðryæ ðis biþ gegearwod þæt he ne sy seald; 31 ðis mot swa beon (Antwort auf eine Frage); 495, 45; 496, 40; 511, 34 ða se cyning ðis gehyrde; 535, 11; 572, 19 ða ic ða ðas & monige oþre sprecende wæs; 577, 25 nænige ðinga ic ðas bliþe aberan mæg. Or. 40, 15 þa þis gedon wæs; 60, 17 on þæm ilcan geare þe þiss wæs, Procos . . . ongon ricsian in Italia; 62, 32 þis ic sprece nu for ðæm; 66, 13 he þa Romulus æfter þiosan underfeng Cirinensa gewinn; 92, 8; 100, 26 mare ic þyses gemyndgade þonne ic his mid ealle asæde; 102, 26 æfter þeosan on þæm ilcan geare tohlad seo eorþe; 142, 11; 168, 7, 36; 194, 33; usw. Cp. 2, ü. ðis is seo forcspræc; 38, 17 hu ne is ðis nu sio micle Babilon; 40, 2 ðeah ic nu ðis recce; 42, 18 ðis wæs ryht dom; 58, 8 hwæt is nu ma ymbe ðis to sprecanne; 138, 4 & swæðeah betweox ðissum simle is to ondrædonne; 162, 21 be ðiosum git is swiðe ryhtlice gecweden; ebenso 232, 14; 172, 14 nu ðonne oð ðis we reahton; 290, 12 ic wene ðæt we magon ðis openlicor gecyðan; 356, 18; 435, 20. Bo. 8, 26 is þis nu se cwide þe þu me geo sædest; 130, 5 be þisan & be manegum þyllecum mæg beon eallum monnum cuþ þætte . . .; 252, 15 wel me licode þæt þu ær sædest, & þises me lyst nu get bet; 320, 11 þæt þis is swiþe riht racu; 13 ac ic wat þeah þæt þys folce swa ne þincþ; usw. So. 163, 21 gelimpfulran . . þonne he ær (so lesen statt æt Wülker, (Beitr. IV, 110) und Hulme (E. St. XVIII.)) þissum wes; 169, 5 þis is eall soð; 176, 8 þæt ic lufede þæt & forsawe ðis. Ps. 13, 1 nis nan God þe þis wite oððe wræce; 14, ü. wilnað him . . . reste æfter þisum. Lc. 60, 25 gif he siððan æfter sunnan upgonge þis deð; 64, 2 þis is þonne þæt ærendgewrit þe þa Apostolas sendon; 78, 5 gif æðelborenran wifmen þis gelimpe; ähnlich 80, 15; 88, 1 gif hloð þis gedo; 106, Einleitung þis is þæt frið, þæt . . . .
Anmerkung 1: Zuweilen weist þis auch ohne Rücksicht auf Zahl und Geschlecht auf ein oder mehrere Hauptwörter hin (vgl. zu þæt §§ 257. 2. b., 258. 1.): Or. 100, 13 Athena . . ., Thebane . . ., Boeti . . ., Macedaniæ — þiss wæron ealle Creca leode. Cp. 453, 8 ðis sint nu ða lara ðe . . . . Bo. 8, 24 hwæt la hwæt sint þis nu þa god & þæt edlean þe ðu . . . . . Lc. 58, 11 þis synt þa domas þe þu . . .; 64, 49 þis sindon þa domas þe . . . .
Anmerkung 2: Selten erscheinen männliche und weibliche Formen dieses Fürwortes als Hauptwort: Be. 481, 41 Aetius . . . . wæs . . Consul & cyning on Rome; to ðysum ða ðearfendan lafe Brytta sendon ærendgewrit (das lateinische hanc muſs ein Druckfehler sein); 502, 22 læde mon hider to us sumne untrumne mon, & ðurh swa hwylces bene swa he gehæled si, ðysses geleafa & wyrcnes si gelyfed Gode andfenge & eallum to fyligeanne (= per cujus . . . ., hujus . . . .); 550, 22 Honorius . . . gehalgode Thoman . . to bisceope, se wæs of Gyrwa mægþe, & ðæs (Miller: þes) wæs . . . . . of ðissum leohte alæded; 558, 4 þridda wæs Ceadda, feorþa Winfred; ealle ðas wæron . . . bisceophada brucende; 29 (lareowas . . .); betwih ðas wæron twegen geonge æþelingas; 631, 3 (sum munuc . . . .); ðes gelomlice wæs ingangende to ðam ylcan were. Or. 296, 7 Rufinus wolde habban him self þone anwold þær east, & Stileca wolde sellan his suna þisne her west. Cp. 48, 23 (oðer . . . oðer . . .;) ac we sculon swiðe smealice ðissa ægðer underðencean; 82, 21 (olicung . . . wiðermodnes . . .;) gif ðonne mid nanum ðissa ne bið onwæced his ingeðonc; 154, 9 gong inn, & geseoh þa heardsælda & ða sconde þe ðas her doð. Bo. 90, 24 (gifta & wæpnu & mete & ealo & claþas . . . .) ne mæg he butan þisum þas tol gehealdan; 106, 26 (Cassius . . . Cato . . .;) hu ne wæran þas gefyrn forþgewitene. Ps. 7, 3 Drihten, min God, gif ic to þisum, þe me nu swencað, þæs geearnod hæbbe, þæt hi nu doð. Lc. 68, 9 (66, 8 hwær anne dom, hwær oðerne;) ic þa Ælfred cyning þas togædere gegaderode & awritan het; 10 ic þa . . . eallum minum witum þas geeowde; § 1 (his að & his wed . . . .;) gif hwa to hwæðrum þissa genied sie on woh.
Source: Johann Ernst Wülfing, Die Syntax in den Werken Alfreds des Grossen, vol. 1, pp. 382-384, § 261 (Die hinweisenden Fürwörter. II. ðes, ðeos, ðis). Scan authority: archive.org diesyntaxindenw02wlgoog; OCR extraction aid: Google Books McUqAAAAMAAJ. Translator: Loquentes. Printed edition in the US public domain.
Loquentes Practice Reference
Our drill practices the demonstrative this across all cases and genders.