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Old English input

Type ;a → æ, ;t → þ, ;d → ð, ;o → ǫ, ;; → ;. Direct Unicode and paste are also supported.

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Repetition target

Grading

Thorn (þ) and eth (ð) interchangeable.

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Source

C. Alphonso Smith, Old English Grammar, Chapter XII, § 68. Canonical source form: fæder

Keyboard Help

Old English keyboard

Type ;a → æ, ;t → þ, ;d → ð, ;o → ǫ, ;; → ;. Shift gives capitals (;T → Þ, ;A → Æ).

Direct Unicode and paste supported. Thorn (þ) and eth (ð) interchangeable.

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fæder

Kinship r-Stem

FOCUSED PRACTICE · 1 PARADIGM · 8 FORMS

father

Core drill · 200×

0 / 200 correct repetitions

Order

Singular → Plural
Each Nom. → Acc. → Gen. → Dat.

Model

fæder — Kinship r-Stem

0 / 8 forms · 1 line

Kinship Nouns (r-Stems)

Historical Grammar

No umlaut is possible in sēo niht(night) and sē mōnað (month), plural niht and mōnað (preserved in Mn.E. twelvemonth and fortnight).

The r-Stems contain nouns expressing kinship, and exhibit umlaut of the dative singular.

NOTE.—The N.A. plural is usually the same as the N.A. singular. These umlaut datives are all due to the presence of a former i. Cf. Lat. dative singular patri, frātri, mātri, sorori (<*sosori), and Greek θνϓατρί.

The nd-Stems show umlaut both in then N.A. plural and in the dative singular:

The r-Stems (Nouns of Kinship) — Smith Chapter XII
Sing. N.A.	sē fæðer (father)	sē brōðor (brother)	sēo mōdor (mother)	sēo dohtor (daughter)	sēo swuster (sister)
D.	fæder	brēðer	mēder	dęhter	swyster

Loquentes Practice Reference

Our drill practices fæder, mōdor and brōðor. Smith’s r-Stem paragraph gives only the N.A. singular and the umlauted dative singular, and notes that "The N.A. plural is usually the same as the N.A. singular"; the remaining case forms our drill uses follow the a-/ō-declensions as Smith directs in his Summary of O.E. Declensions.