leornung
FOCUSED PRACTICE · 1 PARADIGM · 8 FORMS
learning
Core drill · 200×
0 / 200 correct repetitions
- Singular → Plural
- Each Nom. → Acc. → Gen. → Dat.
0 / 8 forms · 1 line
The ō-Declension (Strong Feminine)
Historical Grammar
THE ō-DECLENSION.
The ō-Declension, corresponding to the First or ā-Declension of Latin and Greek, contains only feminine nouns. Many feminine i-stems and u-stems soon passed over to this Declension. The ō-Declension may, therefore, be considered the normal declension for all strong feminine nouns.
38. Paradigms of sēo giefu, gift; sēo wund, wound; sēo rōd, cross; sēo leornung, learning, sēo sāwol, soul:
Note (1) that monosyllables with short stems (giefu) take u in the nominative singular; (2) that monosyllables with long stems (wund, rōd) present the unchanged stem in the nominative singular; (3) that dissyllables are declined as monosyllables, except that abstract nouns in –ung prefer a to e in the singular.
NOTE.—Syncopation occurs as in masculine and neuter a-stems. See § 27, (4).
Present and Preterit Indicative of bēon (wesan), to be:
| Case | sēo giefu gift |
sēo wund wound |
sēo rōd cross |
sēo leornung learning |
sēo sāwol soul |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sing. | |||||
| N. | gief-u | wund | rōd | leornung | sāwol |
| G. | gief-e | wund-e | rōd-e | leornung-a (e) | sāwl-e |
| D.I. | gief-e | wund-e | rōd-e | leornung-a (e) | sāwl-e |
| A. | gief-e | wund-e | rōd-e | leornung-a (e) | sāwl-e |
| Plur. | |||||
| N.A. | gief-a | wund-a | rōd-a | leornung-a | sāwl-a |
| G. | gief-a | wund-a | rōd-a | leornung-a | sāwl-a |
| D.I. | gief-um | wund-um | rōd-um | leornung-um | sāwl-um |
Historical Exercises & Reading
42. EXERCISES.
2. Hēr sind ðāra rīca mearca.
3. Hwā hæfð Þā glōfa?
4. Ðǣr bið ðǣm cyninge frōfre ðearf.
5. Sēo wund is on ðǣre wylfe hēafde.
6. Wē habbað costnunga.
7. Hīe nǣron on ðǣre healle.
8. Ic hit neom.
9. Ðæt wǣron Wēalas.
10. Ðæt sind ðæs wīfes bearn.
II. 1. We shall have the women’s gloves.
2. Where is the place?
3. He will be in the hall.
4. Those (Ðæt) were not the boundaries of the kingdom.
5. It was not I.
6 Ye are not the king’s scribes.
7. The shepherd’s words are full (full + gen.) of wisdom and comfort.
8. Where are the bodies of the children?
9. The gifts are not here.
10. Who has the seals and the birds?
Loquentes Practice Reference
Our drill practices giefu (short stem) and wund (long stem). Smith §38 declines five models; the two drilled here are the first two.