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Thorn (þ) and eth (ð) interchangeable.

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C. Alphonso Smith, Old English Grammar, Chapter XIII, § 72. Canonical source form: ic

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Type ;a → æ, ;t → þ, ;d → ð, ;o → ǫ, ;; → ;. Shift gives capitals (;T → Þ, ;A → Æ).

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ic

First Personal Pronoun (Singular, Dual, Plural)

FOCUSED PRACTICE · 1 PARADIGM · 12 FORMS

Core drill · 200×

0 / 200 correct repetitions

Order

Singular → Dual → Plural
Each Nom. → Acc. → Gen. → Dat.

Model

ic — First Personal Pronoun (Singular, Dual, Plural)

0 / 12 forms · 1 line

Personal Pronouns — First and Second Person

Historical Grammar

CHAPTER XIII.

PRONOUNS.

Personal Pronouns.

Paradigms of ic, I, ðū, thou. For hē, hēo, hit, see §53.

Note 1.—The dual number was soon absorbed by the plural. No relic of it now remains. But when two and only two are referred to, the dual is consistently used in O.E. An example occurs in the case of the two blind men (Matthew ix. 27-31): Gemiltsa unc, Davīdes sunu! Pity us, (thou) Son of David! Sīe inc æfter incrum gelēafan, Be it unto you according to your faith.

NOTE 2.—Mn.E. ye (

Demonstrative Pronouns.

Personal Pronouns: ic and ðū — Smith Chapter XIII
Case	ic I	ðū thou
Sing.
N.	ic	ðū
G.	mīn	ðin
D.	mē	ðē
A.	mē	ðē
Dual
N.	wit (we two)	git (ye two)
G.	uncer (of us two)	incer (of you two)
D.	unc (to or for us two)	inc (to or for you two)
A.	unc (us two)	inc (you two)
Plur.
N.	wē	gē
G.	ūser (ūre)	ēower
D.	ūs	ēow
A.	ūs	ēow

Syntax & Usage — Wülfing

Loquentes translation from Wülfing. Wülfing wrote in German; the English below is a Loquentes translation. The Old English examples are Wülfing’s own and are reproduced exactly as printed. The cleaned German original follows in the collapsible block.

222. 1. When a personal verb is not accompanied by a noun as its subject, a personal pronoun usually stands as the subject.

Wülfing establishes this with a catalogue drawn from all of Alfred's prose works, cited in his order: Bede (Be.), Orosius (Or.), the Cura Pastoralis (Cp.), Boethius (Bo.), the Soliloquies (So.), the Psalms (Ps.), the Gospels (Lc.) and the Dialogues (Di.). The Old English clauses are reproduced exactly as he prints them in the Examples block below; where a clause is a literal rendering of the Latin, Wülfing says so (as at Be. 616, 30, which he calls "eine sklavische Übersetzung" of vis petamus bibere, "a slavish translation of 'vis petamus bibere'").

Examples

ic ðe sende þæt spell

ðu eart swyþe gymende

seþe hit gehyreþ he onhyreþ ðam

oððe hit yfel sagaþ

we geacsodan

we magon eow sellan halwende geþeahte hwæt ge don magon

hi wæron sona deade, swa hi eorþan gesohtan

hig ða forlættan ðone wall

ða hyrsumedon hig ðæs biscopes bebodum

ac ne hæfde wit monig oðer uncymran hors

hwæt dydest ðu? Ic gehyhte & wende þæt wit nu hraþe scoldan . . . gongan

mid ðy heo hæfde syx & syxtig wintra

æfter ðon ðe wit nu betweoh unc to gongenne beoþ

wiltu wit unc abiddan drincan

wit

to hwon sitte git her, hwæt git cuþelice witon, þæt ðis is ure man

hie þa þrie dælas on þreo tonemdon

heo wyrcð þæt fen

ic wille nu gereccan

nu hæbbe we awriten þære Asian suþdæl

ic wene

gif ge swelce þegnas sint

hwy nyllað ge geþencan

ic wene

swa ic gelife ðæt ðu wille

swelce hie cwæden

ðu me tældest

ne fleah he rice

þæt ge sin gearwe

hio wæs of swiðe gelicum willan

hwæt sint wit

hit bið gebunden

we willað nu faran

he sette word be worde

þu earþ fulneah forþoht

ge sind þa mæstan sceaþan

wit sculon . . . . beon

ic wolde nu get þæt wit mare spræcan

wit geanbidigaþ þinre ondswore

wit

be ðam Gode ðe wit unc gefyrn togebædon

þæt ge secgaþ

þe ic mid wircan cuðe

þa cwæð heo to me: gyf ðu enigne godne heorde hæbbe

þa cwæd heo

h[w]æðer woldest þu ðonne þinne cniht, þe wet er æmbe sprecon, cunan

hu mæge ic (Hs.: hys) hyne cunnan & nat hweðer ic ane silfene can

wyt

ða git becgen on lichaman weron

forhwi eart þu þonne unrot, min sawl, and min mod hwi gedrefe gyt me

ic eom Drihten . . . . ic þe utgelædde

gif he wif self hæbbe, gange hio ut mid him

we eow cyðað

ic sohte and wilnade

we magon gehyran

Original German — Wülfing

222. 1. Wenn ein persönliches Zeitwort von keinem Hauptworte als Subjekt begleitet ist, so steht meist ein persönliches Fürwort als Subjekt: Be. 471, 9 ic ðe sende þæt spell; 12 ðu eart swyþe gymende; 15 seþe hit gehyreþ he onhyreþ ðam; oððe hit yfel sagaþ; 472, 16 we geacsodan; 474, 14 we magon eow sellan halwende geþeahte hwæt ge don magon; 481, 22 hi wæron sona deade, swa hi eorþan gesohtan; hig ða forlættan ðone wall; 485, 29 ða hyrsumedon hig ðæs biscopes bebodum; 540, 26 ac ne hæfde wit monig oðer uncymran hors; 559, 18 hwæt dydest ðu? Ic gehyhte & wende þæt wit nu hraþe scoldan . . . gongan; 592, 40 mid ðy heo hæfde syx & syxtig wintra; 607, 19 æfter ðon ðe wit nu betweoh unc to gongenne beoþ; 616, 30 wiltu wit unc abiddan drincan (eine sklavische Übersetzung von vis petamus bibere); 627, 33 ff. wit; 633, 12 to hwon sitte git her, hwæt git cuþelice witon, þæt ðis is ure man; usw. usw. Or. 8, 3 hie þa þrie dælas on þreo tonemdon; 18 heo wyrcð þæt fen; 10, 4 ic wille nu gereccan; 14, 5 nu hæbbe we awriten þære Asian suþdæl; 58, 13 ic wene; 120, 7 gif ge swelce þegnas sint; 142, 8 hwy nyllað ge geþencan; usw. usw. Cp. 2, 16 ic wene; 4, 2 swa ic gelife ðæt ðu wille; 13 swelce hie cwæden; 22, 9 ðu me tældest; 32, 17 ne fleah he rice; 44, 10 þæt ge sin gearwe; 48, 11 hio wæs of swiðe gelicum willan; 200, 6 hwæt sint wit; 264, 5 hit bið gebunden; 304, 10 we willað nu faran; usw. usw. Bo. II, 4 he sette word be worde; VI, 5 þu earþ fulneah forþoht; 6, 18 ge sind þa mæstan sceaþan; 18, 2 wit sculon . . . . beon; 28, 26 ic wolde nu get þæt wit mare spræcan; 36, 7 wit geanbidigaþ þinre ondswore; 56, 21 wit; so noch 196, 3; 248, 2, 3; 254, 21; 258, 6 be ðam Gode ðe wit unc gefyrn togebædon; 376, 22 þæt ge secgaþ; usw. So. 163, 2 þe ic mid wircan cuðe; 164, 29 þa cwæð heo to me: gyf ðu enigne godne heorde hæbbe; 165, 1 þa cwæd heo; 173, 19 h[w]æðer woldest þu ðonne þinne cniht, þe wet er æmbe sprecon, cunan; 28 hu mæge ic (Hs.: hys) hyne cunnan & nat hweðer ic ane silfene can; 176, 31 wyt; 202, 32 ða git becgen on lichaman weron; usw. usw. Ps. 41, 5 forhwi eart þu þonne unrot, min sawl, and min mod hwi gedrefe gyt me; usw. usw. Lc. 58, Einleitung ic eom Drihten . . . . ic þe utgelædde; 11 gif he wif self hæbbe, gange hio ut mid him; 64, 3 we eow cyðað; usw. Di. 68 ic sohte and wilnade; 69 we magon gehyran.

Source: Johann Ernst Wülfing, Die Syntax in den Werken Alfreds des Grossen, vol. 1, pp. 333-334, § 222 (Als Subjekt). Scan authority: archive.org diesyntaxindenw02wlgoog; OCR extraction aid: Google Books McUqAAAAMAAJ. Translator: Loquentes. Printed edition in the US public domain.

Loquentes Practice Reference

Our drill practices the singular, dual and plural of the 1st and 2nd personal pronouns. For hē, hēo, hit Smith refers the reader to §53.