metan
FOCUSED PRACTICE · 1 PARADIGM · 4 FORMS
to measure
Core drill · 200×
0 / 200 correct repetitions
- Forms
- Each 1sg → 2sg → 3sg → Plural
0 / 4 forms · 1 line
Strong Verbs — Preterite Indicative (Classes I–VII)
Historical Grammar
103. (1) It will be seen from the conjugation of drīfan that the present stem in all strong verbs is used throughout the present indicative, the present subjunctive, the imperative, the infinitive, the gerund, and the present participle. More than half of the endings, therefore, of the Strong Conjugation are added directly to the present stem.
(2) That the preterit singular stem is used in only two forms of the verb, the 1st and 3d persons singular of the preterit indicative: Ic drāf, hē drāf.
(3) That the preterit plural stem is used in the preterit plural indicative, in the 2d person of the preterit singular indicative, and in the singular and plural of the preterit subjunctive.
(4) That the stem of the past participle (gedrif-) is used for no other form.
Syntax of the Verb.
104. The Indicative Mood represents the predicate as a reality. It is used both in independent and in dependent clauses, its function in O.E. corresponding with its function in O.E. corresponding with its function in Mn.E.
109. Class II: The “Choose” Conjugation.
Vowel Succession: ēo, ēa, u, o.
INFINITE. PRET.SING. PRET. PLUR. PAST PART.2
cēos-an, cēas, cur-on, gecor-en, to choose.
Indicative. Subjunctive.
111. Indicative. Subjunctive.
PRESENT. PRESENT.
CHAPTER XX.
STRONG VERBS: CLASSES IV, V, VI, AND VII.
CONTRACT VERBS.
| Person | Indicative. |
|---|---|
| Sing. | |
| 1. | Ic cēas |
| 2. | ðū cur-e |
| 3. | hē cēas |
| 1. wē wē | |
| 2. gē gē | cūr-on |
| 3. hīe hīe | |
| Person | Indicative. |
|---|---|
| Sing. | |
| 1. | Ic bǫnd |
| 2. | ðū bund-e |
| 3. | hē bǫnd |
| 1. wē wē | |
| 2. gē gē | bund-on |
| 3. hīe hīe | |
Historical Exercises & Reading
121. EXERCISES.
2. Ǫnd hē cwǣð: “Ðis is ān folc, ǫnd ealle hīe sprecað āne sprǣce.”
3. On sumum stōwum wīngeardas grōwað.
4. Hē hēt ðā nǣdran ofslēan.
5. Ðā Ęngle ābrǣcon ðone lǫngan weall, ǫnd sige nāmon.
6. Ǫnd ðæt sǣd grēow ǫnd wēox.
7. Ic ne geseah ðone mǫn sē ðe ðæs cnapan adesan stæl.
8. Hē wæs swȳðe spēdig man on ðǣm ǣhtum ðe hiera spēda on bēoð, ðæt is, on wildrum.
9. Ǫnd ðǣr wearð (was) micel wælsliht on gehwæðre hǫnd.
10. Ǫnd æfter ðissum gefeohte, cōm Ælfred cyning mid his fierde, ǫnd gefeaht wið ealne ðone here, ǫnd sige nam (nōm).
11. Ðēos burg hātte Æscesdūn (Ashdown).
12. Ðǣre cwēne līc læg on ðǣm hūse.
13. Ǫnd sē dǣl ðe ðǣr aweg cōm wæs swȳðe lȳtel.
14. Ǫnd ðæs ðrēotīene dagas Æðered to rīce fēng.
II. 1. The men stood in the ships and fought against the Danes.
2. Before the thanes came, the king rode away.
3. They said (sǣdon) that all the men spoke one language.
4. They bore the queen’s body to Wilton.
5. Alfred gave many gifts to his army (dat. without tō) before he went away.
6. These men are called earls.
7. God sees all things.
8. The boy held the reindeer with (mid) his hands.
9. About six months afterwards, Alfred gained the victory, and came to the throne.
10. He said that there was very great slaughter on both sides.
Loquentes Practice Reference
Our drill practices the preterite indicative: 1st/3rd singular on the preterite-singular stem, 2nd singular and plural on the preterite-plural stem. Smith states that rule for every strong verb in §103 (2)–(3), illustrates it with the full Class II and Class III conjugations in §§109 and 111, and for Classes IV–VII gives the principal parts only, telling the student to “complete the conjugation for himself (§ 103)”.