αὐτος
self / same / him
Core drill · 200×
0 / 200 correct repetitions
- Masculine → Feminine → Neuter
- Each Nom. sg. → Gen. sg. → Dat. sg. → Acc. sg. → Nom. pl. → Gen. pl. → Dat. pl. → Acc. pl.
0 / 24 forms · 1 line
The Intensive Pronoun (αὐτός)
Historical Grammar
327. The Intensive Pronoun αὐτός. – αὐτός self is declined thus:
| singular | dual | plural | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masc. | Fem. | Neut. | Masc. | Fem. | Neut. | Masc. | Fem. | neut. | |||
| Nom. | αὐτός | αὐτή | αὐτό | N. V. | αὐτώ | αὐτά̄ | αὐτώ | Nom. | αὐτοί | αὐταί | αὐτά |
| Gen. | αὐτοῦ | αὐτῆς | αὐτοῦ | G. D. | αὐτοῖν | αὐταῖν | αὐτοῖν | Gen. | αὐτῶν | αὐτῶν | αὐτῶν |
| Dat. | αὐτῷ | αὐτῇ | αὐτῷ | Dat. | αὐτοῖς | αὐταῖς | αὐτοῖς | ||||
| Acc. | αὐτόν | αὐτήν | αὐτό | Acc. | αὐτούς | αὐτά̄ς | αὐτά | ||||
αὐτός is declined like ἀγαθός (287), but there is no vocative and the neuter nominative and accusative have no -ν. But ταὐτόν the same is common (328 N.).
328. αὐτός is a definite adjective and a pronoun. It has three meanings:
a. self: standing by itself in the nominative, αὐτὸς ὁ ἀνήρ or ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτός the man himself, or (without the article) in agreement with a substantive or pronoun; as ἀνδρὸς αὐτοῦ of the man himself.
b. him, her, it, them, etc.: standing by itself in an oblique case (never in the nominative). The oblique cases of αὐτός are generally used instead of οὗ, οἷ, ἕ, etc., as ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ his father, οἱ παῖδες αὐτῶν their children.
c. same: when it is preceded by the article in any case: ὁ αὐτὸς ἀνήρ the same man, τοῦ αὐτοῦ ἀνδρός of the same man.
N. – The article and αὐτός may unite by crasis (68 a): αὑτός, αὑτή, ταὐτό or ταὐτόν; ταὐτοῦ, ταὐτῆς; ταὐτῷ, ταὐτῇ, etc. Distinguish αὑτή the same f. from αὕτη this f.; ταὐτά the same n. from ταῦτα these things n.; ταὐτῇ from ταύτῃ.
Syntax & Usage
1204. αὐτός is used as an adjective and as a pronoun. It has three distinct uses: (1) as an intensive adjective pronoun it means self (ipse). (2) As an adjective pronoun, when preceded by the article, it means same (idem). (3) In oblique cases as the personal pronoun of the third person, him, her; it, them (eum, eam, id, eos, eas, ea).
1205. Only the first two uses are Homeric. In Hom. αὐτός denotes the principal person or thing, in opposition to what is subordinate, and is intensive by contrast: αὐτὸν καὶ θεράποντα the man himself and his attendant Z 18 (cp. σώσᾱσ᾽ αὐτὸν καὶ παῖδας P. G. 511 e and see 1208 d). On αὐτός as a reflexive, see 1228 a; on αὐτός emphatic with other pronouns, see 1233 ff.
1206. αὐτός is intensive (self)
a. In the nominative case, when standing alone: αὐτοὶ τὴν γῆν ἔσχον they (the Athenians) seized the land themselves T. 1. 114. Here αὐτός emphasizes the word understood and is not a personal pronoun.
b. In any case, when in the predicate position (1168) with a substantive, or in agreement with a pronoun: αὐτὸς ὁ ἀνήρ, ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτός the man himself, αὐτοῦ τοῦ ἀνδρός, τοῦ ἀνδρὸς αὐτοῦ, etc.
Loquentes Practice Reference
Our drill practices αὐτός, αὐτή, αὐτό across all cases, as Smyth § 327 gives them.