λυω
loosen
Core drill · 200×
0 / 200 correct repetitions
- 1 Active
- 2 Middle
- 3 Passive
0 / 18 forms · 3 lines
Participles of λύω Across Tenses and Voices
Historical Grammar
380. Meanings of the Tenses and Moods. – In the synopsis (382) meanings are given wherever these are not dependent on the use of the various forms in the sentence. The meanings of the subjunctive and optative forms and the difference between the tenses can be learned satisfactorily only from the syntax. Some of these meanings may here be given:
a. Subjunctive: λύ̄ωμεν or λύ̄σωμεν let us loose, (ἐὰ̄ν) λύ̄ω or λύ̄σω (if) I loose, (ἵνα) γράφω (that) I may write.
b. Optative: (εἴθε) λύ̄οιμι or λύ̄σαιμι (would) that I may loose! (εἰ) λύ̄οιμεν or λύ̄σαιμεν (if) we should loose.
CONJUGATION: LIST OF PARADIGMS
I. Verbs in ω:
A. Vowel verbs not contracted:
Synopsis and conjugation of λύ̄ω (pp. 112-118).
Second aorist (active and middle) of λείπω (p. 119).
Second perfect and pluperfect (active) of λείπω.
B. Vowel verbs contracted:
Present and imperfect of τῑμάω, ποιέω, δηλόω (pp. 120-123).
C. Consonant verbs:
Liquid and nasal verbs: future and first aorist (active and middle), second aorist and second future passive of φαίνω (pp. 128-129).
Labial, dental, and palatal verbs: perfect and pluperfect, middle (passive) of λείπω, γράφω, πείθω, πρά̄ττω, ἐλέγχω (p. 130). Perfect of the liquid verbs ἀγγέλλω, φαίνω; and perfect of τελέω (p. 131).
II. Verbs in μι.
A. Present, imperfect, and 2 aorist of τίθημι, ἵστημι, δίδωμι (pp. 135 ff.).
Second aorist middle of ἐπριάμην (p. 138).
B. Present and imperfect of δείκνῡμι (p. 140).
Second aorist: ἔδῡν (p. 140).
| 382. | Synopsis of λύ¯ω (λῠω λῡ) loose | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I. Present System | II. Future System | III. Future System | |||
| Present and Imperfect | Future | 1 Aorist | |||
| Active: Indic. | λύ̄ω I loose or am loosing | λύ̄σω I shall loose | |||
| ἔλῡον I was loos- ing | ἔλῡσα I loosed | ||||
| Subj. | λύ̄ω | λύ̄σω | |||
| Opt. | λύ̄οιμι | λύ̄σοιμι | λύ̄σαιμι | ||
| Imper. | λῦε loose | λῦσον loose | |||
| Infin. | λύ̄ειν to loose | λύ̄σειν to be about to loose | λῦσαι to loose or to have loosed | ||
| Part. | λύ̄ων loosing | λύ̄σων about to loose | |||
| Middle: | |||||
| Indic. | λύ̄ομαι I loose (for myself) | λύ̄σομαι I shall loose (for myself) | |||
| ἐλῡόμην I was loosing (for myself) | ἐλῡσάμην I loosed (for myself) | ||||
| Subj. | λύ̄ωμαι | λύ̄σωμαι | |||
| Opt. | λῡοίμην | λῡσοίμην | λῡσαίμην | ||
| Imper. | λύ̄ου loose (for thy- self) | λύ̄σεσθαι to be about to loose (for one's self) | λῦσαι loose (for thy- self) | ||
| Infin. | λύ̄εσθαι to loose (for one's self) | λύ̄σασθαι to loose or to have loosed (for one's self) | λύ̄σασθαι to loose or to have loosed (for one's self) | ||
| Part. | λῡόμενος loosing (for one's self) | λῡσάμενος having loosed (for one's self) | λῡσάμενος having loosed (for one's self) | ||
| Passive: | viii first passive system | ||||
| Indic. | λύ̄ομαι I am ἐλῡόμην I was | } | (being) loosed | 1 Future | 1 Aorist |
| λυθήσομαι I shall be loosed | ἐλύθην I was loosed | ||||
| Subj. | Like Middle | λυθῶ (for λυθέω) | |||
| Opt. | " " | λυθησοίμην | λυθείην | ||
| Imper. | " " | λύθητι be loosed | |||
| Infin. | " " | λυθήσεσθαι to be about to be loosed | λυθῆναι to be loosed or to have been loosed | ||
| Part. | " " | λυθησόμενος about to be loosed | λυθείς having been loosed | ||
| Verbal Adjectives: | { | λυτός that may be loosed, loosed |
| λυτέος that must be loosed, (requiring) to be loosed | ||
|---|---|---|
| [Synopsis of λύ̄ω (λῠ, λῡ) loose (right-hand page continuation of above )] | ||
|---|---|---|
| v. first perfect system | vii. perfect system | [Active: |
| 1 Perfect and Pluperfect Active | Indic.] | |
| λέλυκα I have loosed | ||
| ἐλελύκη I had loosed | ||
| λελυκὼς ὦ or λελύκω | [Subj.] | |
| λελυκὼς εἴην or λελύκοιμι | [Opt.] | |
| λελυκὼς ἴσθι or [λέλυκε]1 | [Imper.] | |
| λελυκέναι to have loosed | ||
| λελυκώς having loosed | [Part.] | |
| Perfect and Pluperfect Middle | [Middle: | ||||
| λέλυμαι I have loosed (for myself) | Indic.] | ||||
| ἐλελύμην I had | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| λελυμένος ὦ | |||||
| λελυμένος εἴην | |||||
| λέλυσο (712, 714) | |||||
| λελύσθαι to have loosed (for one's self) | [Infin.] | ||||
| λελυμένος having loosed (for one's self) | [Part.] | ||||
| Perfect and Perfect Passive | Future Perfect Passive | ||||
| λέλυμαι I have ἐλελύμην I had | { | been loosed | λελύ̄σομαι I shall have been loosed | [Indic.] | |
| Like Middle | [Subj.] | ||||
| " " | [Opt.] | ||||
| " " | [Imper.] | ||||
| " " | [Infin.] | ||||
| " " | [Part.] | ||||
Syntax & Usage
2039. The participle (μετοχή participation) is a verbal adjective, in part a verb, in part an adjective.
2040. The participle is like a verb herein:
a. It shows the distinctions of voice and tense. Its tenses mark action simply occurring, continuing, and completed.
b. It can have an object in the same case (genitive, dative, accusative) as the finite forms.
c. It is modified by adverbs, not by adjectives.
d. It may take ἄν, and, with that particle, represents ἄν with the indicative or ἄν with the optative (1845 ff.).
2041. The participle shows its adjectival nature by being inflected and by admitting the article before it, both of which characteristics give it the character of a noun. It follows the rules of agreement like other adjectives (1020). Unlike the adjective, it represents a quality in action (cp. 1857).
2042. The participle is always used in connection with a substantive or a substantive pronoun, which may be contained in a verbal form, as διάγουσι μανθάνοντες they spend their time in learning.
Loquentes Practice Reference
Our drill practices person-by-person paradigms for the participles, in every voice and tense system. In Smyth § 382 those forms appear as the corresponding row of each tense-system column of the synopsis above; § 380 explains why the meanings of the subjunctive and optative "can be learned satisfactorily only from the syntax".
Source note: Smyth § 381 lists the paradigms and places the full person-by-person conjugation of λύ̄ω on pp. 112–118. Those pages fall in §§ 383–399, which the CCEL snapshot does not contain (there is no smyth_2Vb–smyth_2Vd file). What the snapshot does hold is § 382's synopsis — a grid of the tense systems whose rows are the moods — and that is what is reproduced above, in full, across all five of its tables.