Noun endings at a glance
| System |
Singular |
Plural |
| 1st decl. fem. |
-α/-η, -ας/-ης, -ᾳ/-ῃ, -αν/-ην |
-αι, -ῶν, -αις, -ας |
| 2nd decl. masc. |
-ος, -ου, -ῳ, -ον, -ε |
-οι, -ων, -οις, -ους |
| 2nd decl. neut. |
-ον, -ου, -ῳ, -ον |
-α, -ων, -οις, -α |
| 3rd decl. m/f |
Nom varies, -ος, -ι, -α/-ν |
-ες, -ων, -σι(ν), -ας |
| 3rd decl. neut. |
Nom=Acc, -ος, -ι |
-α, -ων, -σι(ν), -α |
λύω tense stems at a glance
| System |
Stem / head form |
| Present |
λυ- -> λύω |
| Future active/middle |
λυσ- -> λύσω |
| Aorist active/middle |
λυσ- -> ἔλυσα |
| Perfect active |
λελυκ- -> λέλυκα |
| Perfect mid/pass |
λελυ- -> λέλυμαι |
| Aorist passive |
λυθη- -> ἐλύθην |
| Future passive |
λυθησ- -> λυθήσομαι |
The two memorization mantras
| Nouns |
Verbs |
| Nom - Gen - Dat - Acc - Voc |
1sg - 2sg - 3sg - 1pl - 2pl - 3pl |
| Dictionary form + genitive reveals the stem |
Principal parts reveal the tense stems |
Reference basis: standard Attic paradigms, cross-checked against Herbert Weir Smyth, Greek Grammar for Colleges, and Dickinson College Commentaries / Ancient Greek for Everyone. Accentuation can vary in some lexical forms and alternative spellings; follow the conventions of your chosen grammar when it differs.