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Plain Latin spelling, as on the model site; no macrons required.

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Model forms from the original Dowling’s Wheel (participle tables are our own extension): laudo — table “Verbs, Indicative Active”; moneo — table “Verbs, Indicative Active”; duco — table “Verbs, Indicative Active”; audio — table “Verbs, Indicative Active”; capio — table “Verbs, Indicative Active”.

Imperfect Indicative Active

Drill set · 5 paradigms · 30 forms

Core drill · 200×

0 / 200 correct repetitions

Order

Active
Each 1sg → 2sg → 3sg → 1pl → 2pl → 3pl

Models

laudo — Imperfect Indicative Active · 6 forms – / 200
moneo — Imperfect Indicative Active · 6 forms – / 200
duco — Imperfect Indicative Active · 6 forms – / 200
audio — Imperfect Indicative Active · 6 forms – / 200
capio — Imperfect Indicative Active · 6 forms – / 200

0 / 30 forms · 5 lines

Imperfect Indicative Active

Historical Grammar

132. Tense Signs. Instead of using auxiliary verbs to express differences in tense, like was, shall, will, etc., Latin adds to the verb stem certain elements that have the force of auxiliary verbs. These are called tense signs.

133. Formation and Inflection of the Imperfect. The tense sign of the imperfect is -bā-, which is added to the present stem. The imperfect consists, therefore, of three parts:

The inflection is as follows:

a. Note that the ā of the tense sign -bā- is shortened before -nt, and before m and t when final. (Cf. § 12. 2.)

In a similar manner inflect the verbs given in § 129.

134. Meaning of the Imperfect. The Latin imperfect describes an act as going on or progressing in past time, like the English past-progressive tense (as, I was walking). It is the regular tense used to describe a past situation or condition of affairs.

Imperfect Indicative Active — amō (D'Ooge § 488)
Person	Singular	Plural
1st Person	amābam	amābāmus
2nd Person	amābās	amābātis
3rd Person	amābat	amābant

Historical Exercises & Reading

135. EXERCISES

I. 1. Vidēbāmus, dēsīderābat, mātūrābās. 2. Dabant, vocābātis, dēlēbāmus. 3. Pugnant, laudābās, movēbātis. 4. Iubēbant, properābātis, portābāmus. 5. Dabās, nārrābant, labōrābātis. 6. Vidēbant, movēbās, nūntiābāmus. 7. Necābat, movēbam, habēbat, parābātis.

II. 1. You were having (sing. and plur.), we were killing, they were laboring. 2. He was moving, we were ordering, we were fighting. 3. We were telling, they were seeing, he was calling. 4. They were living, I was longing for, we were destroying. 5. You were giving, you were moving, you were announcing, (sing. and plur.). 6. They were caring for, he was plowing, we were praising.

Loquentes Practice Reference

Our drill practices laudō, moneō, dūcō, audiō, and capiō. D'Ooge's historical paradigm above illustrates the tense with the canonical First Conjugation model amō.