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Plain Latin spelling, as on the model site; no macrons required.

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Model forms from the original Dowling’s Wheel (participle tables are our own extension): laudo — table “Verbs, Subjunctive Active”; moneo — table “Verbs, Subjunctive Active”; duco — table “Verbs, Subjunctive Active”; audio — table “Verbs, Subjunctive Active”; capio — table “Verbs, Subjunctive Active”.

Present Subjunctive Active

Drill set · 5 paradigms · 30 forms

Core drill · 200×

0 / 200 correct repetitions

Order

Active
Each 1sg → 2sg → 3sg → 1pl → 2pl → 3pl

Models

laudo — Present Subjunctive Active · 6 forms – / 200
moneo — Present Subjunctive Active · 6 forms – / 200
duco — Present Subjunctive Active · 6 forms – / 200
audio — Present Subjunctive Active · 6 forms – / 200
capio — Present Subjunctive Active · 6 forms – / 200

0 / 30 forms · 5 lines

Present Subjunctive Active

Historical Grammar

344. The present subjunctive is inflected as follows:

a. The present subjunctive is formed from the present stem.

b. The mood sign of the present subjunctive is -ē- in the first conjugation and -ā- in the others. It is shortened in the usual places (cf. § 12), and takes the place of the final vowel of the stem in the first and third conjugations, but not in the second and fourth.

c. The personal endings are the same as in the indicative.

d. In a similar way inflect the present subjunctive of cūrō, iubeō, sūmō, iaciō, mūniō.

Present Subjunctive Active — amō (D'Ooge § 488)
Person	Singular	Plural
1st Person	amem	amēmus
2nd Person	amēs	amētis
3rd Person	amet	ament

Syntax & Usage

343. The tenses of the subjunctive have the same time values as the corresponding tenses of the indicative, and, in addition, each of them may refer to future time. No meanings of the tenses will be given in the paradigms, as the translation varies with the construction used.

Historical Exercises & Reading

347. EXERCISE

Which verbs in the following paragraph would be in the indicative and which in the subjunctive in a Latin translation?

There have been times in the history of our country when you might be proud of being an American citizen. Do you remember the day when Dewey sailed into Manila Bay to capture or destroy the enemy’s fleet? You might have seen the admiral standing on the bridge calmly giving his orders. He did not even wait until the mines should be removed from the harbor’s mouth, but sailed in at once. Let us not despair of our country while such valor exists, and may the future add new glories to the past.

LESSON LXII

THE SUBJUNCTIVE OF PURPOSE

Loquentes Practice Reference

Our drill practices laudō, moneō, dūcō, audiō, and capiō. D'Ooge's historical paradigm above illustrates the tense with the canonical First Conjugation model amō.