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FOCUSED PRACTICE · 1 PARADIGM · 6 FORMS
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Core drill · 200×
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- Active
- Each 1sg → 2sg → 3sg → 1pl → 2pl → 3pl
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Perfect Subjunctive Active
Historical Grammar
361. The perfect and the pluperfect subjunctive active are inflected as follows:
a. Observe that these two tenses, like the corresponding ones in the indicative, are formed from the perfect stem.
b. Observe that the perfect subjunctive active is like the future perfect indicative active, excepting that the first person singular ends in -m and not in -ō.
c. Observe that the pluperfect subjunctive active may be formed by adding -issem, -issēs, etc. to the perfect stem.
d. In a similar way inflect the perfect and pluperfect subjunctive active of cūrō, iubeō, sūmō, iaciō, mūniō.
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 1st Person | amāverim | amāverimus |
| 2nd Person | amāveris | amāveritis |
| 3rd Person | amāverit | amāverint |
Syntax & Usage
365. A substantive clause is a clause used like a noun, as,
That the men are afraid is clear enough (clause as subject)
He ordered them to call on him (clause as object)
We have already had many instances of infinitive clauses used in this way (cf. § 213), and have noted the similarity between Latin and English usage in this respect. But the Latin often uses the subjunctive in substantive clauses, and this marks an important difference between the two languages.
366. Rule. Substantive Clauses of Purpose. A substantive clause of purpose with the subjunctive is used as the object of verbs of commanding, urging, asking, persuading, or advising, where in English we should usually have the infinitive.
EXAMPLES
1.
The general ordered the soldiers to run
Imperātor mīlitibus imperāvit ut currerent
2.
He urged them to resist bravely
Hortātus est ut fortiter resisterent
3.
He asked them to give the children food
Petīvit ut līberīs cibum darent
4.
He will persuade us not to set out
Nōbīs persuādēbit nē proficīscāmur
5.
He advises us to remain at home
Monet ut domī maneāmus
a. The object clauses following these verbs all express the purpose or will of the principal subject that something be done or not done. (Cf. § 348.)
Historical Exercises & Reading
368. EXERCISES
I. 1. Petit atque hortātur ut ipse dīcat. 2. Caesar Helvētiīs imperāvit nē per prōvinciam iter facerent. 3. Caesar nōn iussit Helvētiōs per prōvinciam iter facere. 4. Ille cīvibus persuāsit ut dē fīnibus suīs discēderent. 5. Caesar prīncipēs monēbit nē proelium committant. 6. Postulāvit nē cum Helvētiīs aut cum eōrum sociīs bellum gererent. 7. Ab iīs quaesīvī nē proficīscerentur. 8. Iīs persuādēre nōn potuī ut domī manērent.
II. 1. Who ordered Cæsar to make the march? (Write this sentence both with imperō and with iubeō.) 2. The faithless scouts persuaded him to set out at daybreak. 3. They will ask him not to inflict punishment. 4. He demanded that they come to the camp. 5. He advised them to tell everything (omnia).
Note. Do not forget that the English infinitive expressing purpose must be rendered by a Latin subjunctive. Review § 352.
LESSON LXV
THE SUBJUNCTIVE OF POSSUM · VERBS OF FEARING
Loquentes Practice Reference
Our drill practices laudō, moneō, dūcō, audiō, and capiō. D'Ooge's historical paradigm above illustrates the tense with the canonical First Conjugation model amō.