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FOCUSED PRACTICE · 1 PARADIGM · 6 FORMS
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Core drill · 200×
0 / 200 correct repetitions
- Active
- Each 1sg → 2sg → 3sg → 1pl → 2pl → 3pl
0 / 6 forms · 1 line
Pluperfect Indicative Active
Historical Grammar
187. Inflection of sum in the perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect indicative:
1. Note carefully the changing accent in the perfect.
2. Observe that the pluperfect may be formed by adding eram, the imperfect of sum, to the perfect stem. The tense sign is -erā-.
3. Observe that the future perfect may be formed by adding erō, the future of sum, to the perfect stem. But the third person plural ends in -erint, not in -erunt. The tense sign is -eri-.
4. All active perfects, pluperfects, and future perfects are formed on the perfect stem and inflected in the same way.
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 1st Person | amāveram | amāverāmus |
| 2nd Person | amāverās | amāverātis |
| 3rd Person | amāverat | amāverant |
Historical Exercises & Reading
189. EXERCISE
1. Where had the boys been before? They had been in school. 2. Where had Sextus been? He had been in a field next to the river. 3. Who has been with Sextus to-day? Cornelius has been with him. 4. Who says so? Marcus. 5. If the wind has been suitable, the boys have been in the boat. 6. Soon we shall sail with the boys. 7. There3 will be no danger, if we are (shall have been) careful.4
LESSON XXXII
THE PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE OF THE FOUR REGULAR CONJUGATIONS
Conversation & Colloquia
188. DIALOGUE
The Boys Titus, Marcus, and Quintus
First learn the special vocabulary, p. 289.
M. Ubi fuistis, Tite et Quīnte?
T. Ego in meō lūdō fuī et Quīntus in suō lūdō fuit. Bonī puerī fuimus.
Fuitne Sextus in vīcō hodiē?
M. Fuit. Nūper per agrōs proximōs fluviō properābat. Ibi is et Cornēlius
habent nāvigium.
T. Nāvigium dīcis? Aliī1 nārrā eam
fābulam!
M. Vērō (Yes, truly), pulchrum et novum nāvigium!
Q. Cuius pecūniā2 Sextus et Cornēlius id
nāvigium parant? Quis iīs pecūniam dat?
M. Amīcī Cornēlī multum habent aurum et puer pecūniā nōn eget.
T. Quō puerī nāvigābunt? Nāvigābuntne longē ā terrā?
M. Dubia sunt cōnsilia eōrum. Sed hodiē, crēdō, sī ventus erit idōneus,
ad maximam īnsulam nāvigābunt. Iam anteā ibi fuērunt. Tum autem ventus
erat perfidus et puerī magnō in perīculō erant.
Q. Aqua ventō commōta est inimīca nautīs semper, et saepe perfidus
ventus nāvigia rapit, agit, dēletque. Iī puerī, sī nōn fuerint maximē
attentī, īrātā aquā et validō ventō superābuntur et ita interficientur.
Loquentes Practice Reference
Our drill practices laudō, moneō, dūcō, audiō, and capiō. D'Ooge's historical paradigm above illustrates the tense with the canonical First Conjugation model amō.